Joint Land Component Constructive Training Capability-Entity Resolution Federation (JLCCTC-ERF) is a federation of constructive Distributed Interactive Simulations (DIS) and other state-of-the-art-technology that, collectively, simulate military operations. It uses information produced by the simulations to stimulate C4ISR systems in a unit's tactical operations center. JLCCTC-ERF facilitates battlestaff collective training by requiring the staff to react to incoming digital information while executing the commander's tactical plan. The targeted training audience is brigade and battalion battle staffs, including functional command post training and full command post training. Battle staffs of higher echelons may also employ JLCCTC-ERF to achieve limited training objectives. JLCCTC-ERF includes an entity-based ground maneuver model (JCATS 6.0), a fire support model (FIRESIM XXI) and an air defense model(EADSIM) that provides ground and airborne air defense, tactical ballistic missile defense, ground and airborne target acquisition and intelligence gathering, and fixed and rotary wing aviation models. JLCCTC-ERF incorporates an integrated AAR support capability via the use of VISION XXI and the Digital Capture Analysis and Review System (DCARS). JLCCTC-ERF also support the JOINT DEPLOYMENT LOGISTICS MODEL (JDLM) that simulates all aspects of the Reception, Staging, Onward Movement, and Integration (RSOI) process associated with the deployment and re-deployment of forces (including personnel, equipment, and supplies) into, from, and within a theater of operations. JLCCTC-ERF also provides the capability to link the virtual, constructive and live domains of training at the Army`s Combat Training Centers (CTC's) through the use of software and hardware that allows data to be exchanged between the CTC's Instrumentation System (IS) and the JLCCTC-ERF simulated environment.

Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation (JCATS) is a high resolution, multi-sided, multi-service, entity level simulation with integrated capabilities used for training, analysis, planning and mission rehearsal. JCATS evolved from a merger of the Joint Tactical Simulation (JTS) and the Joint Conflict Model (JCM) and is capable of supporting training and exercises from the lowest military echelons through the Joint Task Force (JTF) level. Its high-resolution object oriented systems and aggregated units are capable of simulating tactical and a limited number of operational levels of exercise. Although designed to support force-on-force training at the company level and below, JCATS also supports force-on-force combat training at and above battalion level. JCATS supports joint and coalition warfare simulating up to ten sides. JCATS is the joint entity level simulation of choice providing detail object orientation. It is DIS and HLA compatible, and provides C4I interaction with DOD and US Army systems to include ABCS.

JCATS simulates realistic operations in urban and rural environments through the use of detailed buildings, natural terrain features, and road models. JCATS allows detailed modeling of small group tactics in rural and urban terrain and environments to include day or night operations with artificial lighting and various weather conditions. Resolution is to individual weapon system. Various editors provide access to system and weapons characteristics, battlefield parameters, and force structures. JCATS allows variable digitized terrain scaling and displays similar to standard military maps with contour lines, roads, rivers, vegetation, and urban areas employing NIMA products to include DTED elevation data. The usual playbox is 600 km by 600 km. Additionally, JCATS adds cultural features both above and below ground and is capable of replicating civilian and military complexes.

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FireSim XXI is an event-sequenced simulation of friendly and enemy artillery forces. It simulates the target acquisition, command, control, communications and intelligence (C3I), weapon/target allocation, logistics, firing platforms and munitions to a high level of detail. It is large scale (up to corps level for many applications) and high resolution (individual sensors, weapons, fire direction centers, munitions, messages, etc.).

FireSim XXI is highly interactive and communicates with all Field Artillery (FA) Tactical Command and Control systems and to the Army Battle Command System (ABCS) through the FS C4ISR systems. The simulation accepts and issues fire missions to and from live and simulated units and provides battle damage reports resulting from both simulated and live fire missions. Fires may be scripted or generated dynamically by live tactical players or the FireSim operator. The sensors within the simulation report target acquisition activities. The FireSim XXI model is designed to operate during an exercise with little interaction by workstation operators. The intent is that it will operate automatically by exchanging data with manned Command and Control systems in unit tactical operations centers (TOCs), fire direction centers (FDCs) and firing units (FUs).

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EADSIM is a workstation-hosted, analytic model of air and missile warfare used for scenarios ranging from few-on-few to many-on-many. It models the Command and Control (C2) decision processes and the communications among the platforms on a message-by-message basis. Intelligence gathering is explicitly modeled and the intelligence information is used in both offensive and defensive operations. Typically, combat developers, materiel developers, and operational commanders use it to assess the effectiveness of theater missile defense and air defense systems against the full spectrum of extended air defense threats. It is also an excellent integrated analysis tool that support joint and combined force operations.

EADSIM also models fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft, tactical ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, infrared and radar sensors, satellites, command and control structures, sensor and communications jammers, communications networks and devices, and fire support in a dynamic environment, which includes the effects of terrain and attrition on the outcome of the battle.

EADSIM is easily Federated with JLCCTC-ERF to provide a variety of the functions noted above, by providing real-time computer generated forces, both BLUEFOR and OPFOR, ground sensors, air or space platforms, tactical ballistic missile warfare, etc.

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Vision XXI provides diagnostics utilities that offer a rapid and effective way to identify Protocol Data Unit (PDU) enumeration issues. As an AAR tool, Vision supports the analysis, preparation, and presentation requirements for the training unit AAR. The application maintains and displays maps showing the location and current status of selected units, convoys, aircraft or other exercise participants. Vision XXI can be used while an exercise is running or later for post game analysis called After Action Review (AAR).

Additionally, the application facilitates situational awareness and a relevant common picture that provides insight into Battle-Space Synchronization issues. The tool also assists decision-makers with rapidly identifying, gathering, synthesizing and reacting to critical information requirements. The intent of After Action Review (AAR) systems is to facilitate discussion and provide critical feedback to soldiers regarding their actions. When used for collective training, trainees learn to work as a team and gain increased awareness of the affects their actions have on other sections and units. Digital AAR technologies are used to record the events of a simulated mission and provide quick-response playback of those events for After Action Review.

The playback enables leaders and observer/controllers to conduct a detailed analysis of a training scenario shortly after completing it. Soldiers can repetitively execute a mission to improve performance, with an AAR conducted after each repetition. As a result, soldiers gain deeper insights into the consequences of their decisions.

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JOINT DEPLOYMENT LOGISTICS MODEL (JDLM)

JDLM is a simulation C2 exercise-driver for the theater support commander, major subordinate commanders of combat service support organizations and their staffs. Specifically, JDLM simulates all aspects of the Reception, Staging, Onward Movement, and Integration (RSOI) process associated with the deployment and re-deployment of forces (including personnel, equipment, and supplies) into, from, and within a theater of operations. JDLM provides In Transit Visibility (ITV) and Total Asset Visibility (TAV) views of the world using high-resolution graphics. This feature supports creating multiple customized views of different operational areas on single or multiple workstations to facilitate observation and tracking of selected items, units, areas, or movements.

JDLM provides commanders and their staffs with the necessary tools to cost-effectively conduct the mission planning, rehearsals and training associated with the five phases of power projection operations:

•    Mobilization
     Deployment
     Employment
     Sustainment
      Redeployment
  

Training audiences can vary from company level officers practicing those tasks associated with setting up an Emergency Evacuation Center (EEC) to senior level staffs practicing those theater/national strategic level tasks associated with noncombatant evacuation, coalition sponsored peacekeeping, or U.S.-sponsored humanitarian operations.

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SIMPLE is one of the few JLCCTC-ERF models designed and developed at the National Simulation Center to solely support digital simulation training. SIMPLE reports on and provides roll-up reports on BLUFOR units based upon the tactical lay down and Real World Logistical requirements, Organization, Personnel Rosters, etc. that are consistent with ABCS JCDB platforms. SIMPLE's relational database contains all units and their associated parents in one location to provide hierarchical mapping and reporting.

SIMPLE (Simulation to C4I Interchange Module for Plans, Logistics and Exercises) is an interface between the virtual battlefield environment in simulation and the real world command and control systems used by the military. SIMPLE provides a database that maps simulation units, platforms, munitions and supplies to real world units, platforms, munitions and supplies. SIMPLE also contains a messaging module that correctly generates the tactical messages required by the military C4I systems to report on these units, platforms, etc.

The heart of SIMPLE is it`s scenario database. This database is uniquely tailored to each simulation scenario in order to provide the correct mappings from sim to reality. In order to provide this mapping, you will need both the simulation task organization and the C4I system`s task organization. Additionally, information on the correct names of enemy units and platforms as found in the C4I systems is also required.

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eTSIU is a two-way link between simulations and automated command and control (C2) workstations. However, eTSIU when attached to the JLCCTC-ERF federation sends from the simulation to the C2 workstations only. The way it does this is by monitoring for perceived information from generalized sets of pseudo and command and control simulation interchange language (CCSIL) messages sent by each of the subsystem models in the form of message Protocol Data Unit's (PDU's) to the shared DIS environment of the JLCCTC-ERF virtual battlefield. Message PDU's provide for object modeling, entity and aggregate state PDU's; event modeling, fire and detonation PDU's; and communications modeling, transmitter and signal PDU's. When these message PDU's are encountered, eTSIU captures, then translates and formats them into specific tactical message protocols. There is a set of message protocols defined for the types of data being transmitted. Examples include United States Military Traffic Format (USMTF), Variable Message Format (VMF), FAAD Data Link (FDL), Tactical Information Broadcast System (TIBS) and Satellite Common Data Link (SCDL) to name a few. Each type tactical message protocol can contain within them message subsets. As the various message subset fields are filled in by the model engines, eTSIU tags the destination on each message, then routes them via tactical communications out to the training unit TOC(s). Message transmission can be accomplished by various means, however they typically go via LAN Broadcast, LAN, Send Mail, LAN TCP/IP, or serially. Once the messages are forwarded to the tactical LAN they are received by the appropriate C4ISR workstation in that TOC(s).

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VRSG is a state-of-the-art, real-time computer image generator (IG) designed to visualize geographically expansive and detailed virtual worlds on PCs. This technology is designed to build and visualize at 60HZ frame rates virtual worlds created with real-world photographic imagery (such as aerial and satellite imagery), elevation, and feature data.

Joint Tactical UAV HUNTER: Developed to provide ground and maritime forces with near-real-time imagery intelligence at ranges up to 200 kilometers; extensible to 300+ kilometers by using another Hunter UAV as an airborne relay. Training base located at Fort Huachuca, with additional baseline at Fort Polk to support JRTC rotations.

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